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當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間9月17日,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)公布利率決議,F(xiàn)OMC決定將 聯(lián)邦基金利率 目標(biāo)區(qū)間下調(diào)25個(gè)基點(diǎn)至4%-4.25%。美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)主席鮑威爾隨后召開(kāi)新聞發(fā)布會(huì),鮑威爾表示,此次降息25個(gè)基點(diǎn)旨在應(yīng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)放緩和就業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),未來(lái)將根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)逐次會(huì)議決策。
FOMC聲明:
1、FOMC決定將 聯(lián)邦基金利率 目標(biāo)區(qū)間下調(diào)25個(gè)基點(diǎn)至4%-4.25%。在考慮進(jìn)一步調(diào)整 聯(lián)邦基金利率 目標(biāo)區(qū)間時(shí),F(xiàn)OMC將仔細(xì)評(píng)估后續(xù)數(shù)據(jù)、不斷變化的前景以及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)平衡。
2、近期指標(biāo)顯示,上半年經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)增長(zhǎng)放緩。就業(yè)增長(zhǎng)放緩,失業(yè)率略有上升但仍處于低位。通脹率有所上升,且仍處于略高水平。
3、FOMC力求在較長(zhǎng)時(shí)期內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)就業(yè)最大化,并將通脹率保持在2%左右。經(jīng)濟(jì)前景的不確定性依然較高。FOMC密切關(guān)注其雙重使命面臨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),并判斷勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的下行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)已經(jīng)上升。
4、除美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)理事米蘭外,F(xiàn)OMC其他所有成員均投票支持本次降息行動(dòng)。米蘭主張?jiān)诒敬螘?huì)議上降息50個(gè)基點(diǎn)。
鮑威爾新聞發(fā)布會(huì):
1、利率前景:鮑威爾強(qiáng)調(diào),政策并非設(shè)定好的路線,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)有能力及時(shí)作出回應(yīng)。今天的降息被視為風(fēng)險(xiǎn)緩釋?zhuān)迪?5個(gè)基點(diǎn)背后是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)放緩與就業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的增加,而不是廣泛支持降息50個(gè)基點(diǎn)。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)平衡變化促使美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)采取更中性的利率行動(dòng)。今年政策一直處于緊縮水平,未來(lái)會(huì)根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)逐次會(huì)議決策。強(qiáng)調(diào)利率路徑會(huì)逐步演變,政策調(diào)整對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)影響尚不確定。
2、通脹前景:鮑威爾表示,最近通脹有所上升,仍略微偏高,通脹風(fēng)險(xiǎn)傾向于上行。預(yù)計(jì)8月份整體PCE較去年同期上漲2.7%,核心PCE上漲2.9%。商品通脹加速,服務(wù)通脹回落繼續(xù),住房領(lǐng)域活動(dòng)疲弱。長(zhǎng)期通脹預(yù)期保持穩(wěn)定,大多數(shù)預(yù)期與2%的目標(biāo)一致。持續(xù)通脹爆發(fā)的依據(jù)減少,預(yù)計(jì)關(guān)稅推動(dòng)的通脹為一次性。
3、關(guān)稅影響:鮑威爾表示,關(guān)稅對(duì)通脹的整體影響仍有待觀察,基準(zhǔn)情景認(rèn)為關(guān)稅導(dǎo)致通脹上升是短暫的。關(guān)稅確實(shí)正在影響勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng),預(yù)計(jì)由關(guān)稅推動(dòng)的價(jià)格上漲今年和明年將繼續(xù)。關(guān)稅造成商品價(jià)格上漲,是近期通脹上升的主要原因之一。關(guān)稅通脹轉(zhuǎn)嫁速度更慢,幅度更小。
4、經(jīng)濟(jì)前景:鮑威爾表示,GDP增長(zhǎng)放緩,主要反映消費(fèi)者支出減速,經(jīng)濟(jì)增速有所回落。就業(yè)增長(zhǎng)顯著放緩,反映移民減少和勞動(dòng)力參與率下降,勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)被描述為“缺乏活力且疲軟”。失業(yè)率有所上升但仍處低位,招聘和解雇均處于低水平,經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的一部分來(lái)自人工智能領(lǐng)域。
5、其他方面:鮑威爾強(qiáng)調(diào)美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的獨(dú)立性,“深深植根于文化中”,不受政治影響,基于數(shù)據(jù)做決策。官方經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)足夠可靠,但需要更高回應(yīng)率以獲得更穩(wěn)定數(shù)據(jù)。勒工統(tǒng)計(jì)局正努力解決就業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)修訂問(wèn)題,修訂幅度幾乎完全符合預(yù)期。貝森特的評(píng)論不予置評(píng),對(duì)庫(kù)克的案件不做評(píng)論。員工人數(shù)將保持長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定,正在順利更新貨幣政策框架。
6、最新預(yù)期:鮑威爾預(yù)計(jì)通脹今年將因關(guān)稅升高,但屬于一次性;利率路徑旨在長(zhǎng)期將通脹降至2%。勞動(dòng)參與率下降部分周期性,勞動(dòng)力供需均大幅下降。市場(chǎng)在計(jì)入利率路徑而不是單次決策,需考慮利率整體路徑及預(yù)期。裁員可能迅速推高失業(yè)率,處于勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)邊緣的人求職難度增加。
7、市場(chǎng)反應(yīng):美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)主席鮑威爾講話期間,現(xiàn)貨黃金較高位回落超60美元,跌超1%,跌破3650美元/盎司。現(xiàn)貨白銀跌超3%,報(bào)41.1美元/盎司。
美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)聯(lián)邦公開(kāi)市場(chǎng)委員會(huì)9月會(huì)議聲明(全文)
近期指標(biāo)顯示,上半年經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)增長(zhǎng)放緩。就業(yè)增長(zhǎng)放緩,失業(yè)率略有上升但仍處于低位。通脹率有所上升,且仍處于略高水平。
委員會(huì)力求在較長(zhǎng)時(shí)期內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)充分就業(yè),并將通脹率保持在2%左右。經(jīng)濟(jì)前景的不確定性依然較高。委員會(huì)密切關(guān)注其雙重使命面臨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),并判斷就業(yè)形勢(shì)的下行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)已經(jīng)上升。
為支持其目標(biāo)且鑒于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)平衡的變化,委員會(huì)決定將 聯(lián)邦基金利率 目標(biāo)區(qū)間下調(diào)0.25個(gè)百分點(diǎn)至4%至4.25%。在考慮進(jìn)一步調(diào)整 聯(lián)邦基金利率 目標(biāo)區(qū)間時(shí),委員會(huì)將仔細(xì)評(píng)估后續(xù)數(shù)據(jù),不斷變化的前景,以及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的平衡。委員會(huì)將繼續(xù)減持美國(guó)國(guó)債、機(jī)構(gòu)債券和機(jī)構(gòu)抵押貸款支持證券。委員會(huì)堅(jiān)定地致力于支持充分就業(yè),并將通脹率恢復(fù)至2%的目標(biāo)。
在評(píng)估適當(dāng)?shù)呢泿耪吡?chǎng)時(shí),委員會(huì)將繼續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè)即將發(fā)布的信息對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)前景的影響。如果出現(xiàn)可能阻礙委員會(huì)目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),委員會(huì)將準(zhǔn)備適當(dāng)調(diào)整貨幣政策立場(chǎng)。委員會(huì)的評(píng)估將考慮廣泛的信息,包括勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)狀況、通脹壓力和通脹預(yù)期,以及金融和國(guó)際形勢(shì)的發(fā)展。
投票支持貨幣政策行動(dòng)的有:主席杰羅姆·鮑威爾、副主席約翰·威廉姆斯、邁克爾·巴爾、米歇爾·鮑曼、蘇珊·柯林斯、麗莎·庫(kù)克、奧斯坦·古爾斯比、菲利普·杰斐遜、阿爾貝托·穆薩勒姆、杰弗里·施密德、以及克里斯托弗·沃勒。投票反對(duì)該行動(dòng)的是斯蒂芬·米蘭,其主張?jiān)诒敬螘?huì)議上將 聯(lián)邦基金利率 目標(biāo)區(qū)間下調(diào)50個(gè)基點(diǎn)。
英文全文如下:
Recent indicators suggest that growth of economic activity moderated in the first half of the year. Job gains have slowed, and the unemployment rate has edged up but remains low. Inflation has moved up and remains somewhat elevated.
The Committee seeks to achieve maximum employment and inflation at the rate of 2 percent over the longer run. Uncertainty about the economic outlook remains elevated. The Committee is attentive to the risks to both sides of its dual mandate and judges that downside risks to employment have risen.
In support of its goals and in light of the shift in the balance of risks, the Committee decided to lower the target range for the federal funds rate by 1/4 percentage point to 4 to 4?1/4 percent. In considering additional adjustments to the target range for the federal funds rate, the Committee will carefully assess incoming data, the evolving outlook, and the balance of risks. The Committee will continue reducing its holdings of Treasury securities and agency debt and agency mortgage?backed securities. The Committee is strongly committed to supporting maximum employment and returning inflation to its 2 percent objective.
In assessing the appropriate stance of monetary policy, the Committee will continue to monitor the implications of incoming information for the economic outlook. The Committee would be prepared to adjust the stance of monetary policy as appropriate if risks emerge that could impede the attainment of the Committee's goals. The Committee's assessments will take into account a wide range of information, including readings on labor market conditions, inflation pressures and inflation expectations, and financial and international developments.
Voting for the monetary policy action were Jerome H. Powell, Chair; John C. Williams, Vice Chair; Michael S. Barr; Michelle W. Bowman; Susan M. Collins; Lisa D. Cook; Austan D. Goolsbee; Philip N. Jefferson; Alberto G. Musalem; Jeffrey R. Schmid; and Christopher J. Waller. Voting against this action was Stephen I. Miran, who preferred to lower the target range for the federal funds rate by 1/2 percentage point at this meeting.
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