天氣轉(zhuǎn)涼，保溫杯重新回到人們的日常生活。但這種常見的日用品卻可能暗藏健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

哪些保溫杯存在安全隱患？如何挑選合格的保溫杯？哪些飲品不宜裝入保溫杯？

什么樣的保溫杯不能用

保溫杯大多是不銹鋼材質(zhì)，耐高溫且保溫性能好。不銹鋼材料中，有三個(gè)“代號(hào)”很常見，分別是201、304和316。

保溫杯不能使用201材質(zhì)

201不銹鋼屬于工業(yè)用品材料，錳含量高，耐腐蝕性差，如果將其作為保溫杯的內(nèi)膽，長時(shí)間存放飲品可導(dǎo)致錳元素析出，熱水可能直接變“毒水”。金屬錳是人體必需的微量元素，但過量攝入錳會(huì)傷身，尤其是會(huì)傷害神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)。

Grade 201 stainless steel is an industrial material with high manganese content and poor corrosion resistance. If this material is used as the inner liner of a thermos, prolonged storage of beverages can lead to the leaching of manganese, potentially turning hot water into harmful liquid. While manganese is an essential trace element for the human body, excessive intake can be detrimental to health, particularly damaging to the nervous system.

304、316材質(zhì)符合安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

保溫杯的不銹鋼材質(zhì)應(yīng)符合《食品安全國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)食品接觸用金屬材料及制品》(GB 4806.9-2023)，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中規(guī)定了重金屬含量及遷移量指標(biāo)。

304不銹鋼中最重要的元素是鎳和鉻，這類材料具有良好的加工性能和耐腐蝕性能，錳含量低于2%，是國家公認(rèn)的食品級(jí)不銹鋼。

316不銹鋼的品質(zhì)優(yōu)于304，多了金屬鉬，耐腐性能更好。

Grade 304 stainless steel primarily contains nickel and chromium, which offer excellent processability and corrosion resistance. With a manganese content below 2 percent, it is nationally recognized as food-grade stainless steel.

Grade 316 stainless steel surpasses 304 in quality, with the addition of molybdenum further enhancing its corrosion resistance.

如何選擇安全的保溫杯

根據(jù)國家市場監(jiān)督管理總局發(fā)布的保溫杯消費(fèi)提示，選購保溫杯時(shí)，可以按照下面4個(gè)步驟。

① 留意不銹鋼部分的“304”或“316”鋼印及塑料等部件的材質(zhì)標(biāo)識(shí)；

② 確認(rèn)杯體無刺激性異味；

③ 檢查內(nèi)膽與外膽拋光均勻一致、無劃痕毛刺，且口部焊接平滑；

④ 注入開水并旋緊杯蓋，2至3分鐘后手握杯身若無明顯升溫，則保溫性好；倒置4至5分鐘后若無滲漏，則密封性佳。

When selecting a thermos cup, it is important to first look for the "304" or "316" stamp on the stainless steel parts and to check the material markings of plastic components. Next, make sure the cup has no irritating odor. Then, examine that the inner and outer surfaces are evenly polished without scratches or burrs, and ensure the rim welding is smooth. Finally, to evaluate its performance, fill the cup with boiling water and tighten the lid. If no obvious warmth is felt when holding the cup after two to three minutes, it indicates good thermal insulation. Similarly, if no leakage occurs after inverting the cup for four to five minutes, it confirms the thermos is effectively leakproof.

別用保溫杯裝這6類飲品

①茶葉

使用保溫杯泡茶，相當(dāng)于用高溫水長時(shí)間煮制，會(huì)破壞茶葉維生素，使茶香油揮發(fā)，鞣酸和茶堿大量滲出，從而降低茶湯營養(yǎng)價(jià)值，使茶湯苦澀無香味。

Brewing tea in a thermos is equivalent to boiling it with high-temperature water over a long period, which destroys tea's vitamins, volatilizes aromatic oils, and causes excessive release of tannic acid and theophylline. This reduces the nutritional value of the tea and results in a bitter, less flavorful brew.

②牛奶

如果把加熱過的牛奶放入保溫杯，長期溫?zé)釥顟B(tài)易使微生物繁殖，導(dǎo)致腐敗。飲用長時(shí)間放置于保溫杯內(nèi)的牛奶，輕則影響口感，重則可能導(dǎo)致食物中毒。

Storing heated milk in a thermos creates a long-term warm state ideal for microbial reproduction, leading to spoilage. Consuming such milk may impair taste or even cause food poisoning.

③豆?jié){

和牛奶一樣，豆?jié){含有蛋白質(zhì)等營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，加熱后放在保溫杯中易變質(zhì)，可能影響健康。

Like milk, soy milk contains nutrients such as protein. If heated and stored in a thermos, it can easily deteriorate and may pose health risks.

④碳酸飲料

不銹鋼遇到酸性物質(zhì)時(shí)會(huì)腐蝕并溶解出一些金屬成分，尤其是質(zhì)量不符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的保溫杯。長期飲用含有金屬元素的飲品，會(huì)給身體帶來傷害。

Stainless steel can corrode and leach metal ions when exposed to acidic substances, especially in substandard thermoses. Long-term consumption of such beverages may cause adverse health effects.

⑤果汁

果汁呈酸性，長時(shí)間用金屬保溫杯盛放也可能析出金屬元素。此外，果汁中含大量果糖，粘在杯壁內(nèi)不易清洗，殘留后容易滋生細(xì)菌。

As an acidic beverage, juice may also induce metal leaching during prolonged storage in thermoses. Additionally, its abundant fructose adheres to inner walls, making cleaning difficult and promoting bacterial growth from residues.

⑥中藥

煎好的中藥通常含較多酸性物質(zhì)，容易與保溫杯內(nèi)壁金屬元素發(fā)生反應(yīng)，使藥效受到一定影響。最好用玻璃或陶瓷器皿盛放中藥。

Brewed Chinese herbal medicine typically contains a high level of acidic substances, which can easily react with metal elements in the thermos' inner wall, thereby compromising its efficacy. It is best to store herbal medicine in glass or ceramic containers.

溫馨提醒

保溫杯盛裝開水時(shí)，不要裝得太滿，建議至少要低于瓶口2厘米，防止開蓋時(shí)開水溢出燙傷；

不要在杯蓋密閉的情況下劇烈搖晃保溫杯，防止杯內(nèi)增壓，開蓋時(shí)被彈出的杯蓋或噴出的熱水弄傷。

兒童使用保溫杯時(shí)應(yīng)有家長在旁看護(hù)，切勿盛裝超過50℃的液體，避免造成燙傷風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

編輯：李金昳

實(shí)習(xí)生：楊琳

來源：生命時(shí)報(bào)

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