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本周周報(bào)（2025年5月12日）

保護(hù)行動(dòng)動(dòng)態(tài)

洪堡護(hù)水者（美國(guó)加利福尼亞州）已開(kāi)始對(duì)洪堡灣周圍的暴雨徑流進(jìn)行采樣，以確定污染熱點(diǎn)區(qū)域。他們特別在尋找 6PPD 的存在，6PPD 是一種添加到輪胎和其他橡膠制品中以防止磨損和風(fēng)化的抗降解化學(xué)物質(zhì)。當(dāng)它分解時(shí)，會(huì)形成 6PPD 醌，這是一種對(duì)水生生物劇毒的化合物。2024 年 6 月，美國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)署發(fā)布了關(guān)于 6PPD 醌的非強(qiáng)制性篩查標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。各州和部落可以在其水質(zhì)保護(hù)項(xiàng)目中使用這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以保護(hù)那些受這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)影響極大的魚(yú)類物種。此外，加利福尼亞州有毒物質(zhì)控制部門也在努力開(kāi)發(fā) 6PPD 的替代品。在一項(xiàng)相關(guān)行動(dòng)中，加利福尼亞海岸護(hù)水者（美國(guó)加利福尼亞州）呼吁州水資源委員會(huì)采取預(yù)防措施，阻止 6PPD 從道路流入溪流。

洛杉磯護(hù)水者（美國(guó)加利福尼亞州）和十幾個(gè)倡導(dǎo)團(tuán)體就市長(zhǎng)凱倫?巴斯提出的撤銷氣候緊急動(dòng)員辦公室（CEMO）的提案，向市議會(huì)的預(yù)算和財(cái)務(wù)委員會(huì)撰寫了一篇專欄文章。為了解決該市 10 億美元的預(yù)算缺口，巴斯建議犧牲氣候緊急動(dòng)員辦公室，并縮減石油和天然氣辦公室的規(guī)模，這將為該市節(jié)省約 95 萬(wàn)美元。《洛杉磯時(shí)報(bào)》認(rèn)為這一計(jì)劃目光極為短淺，并警告稱這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致失去一筆 75 萬(wàn)美元的州政府撥款。許多人認(rèn)為，巴斯低估了極端高溫的危害，盡管數(shù)據(jù)顯示，在過(guò)去 25 年里，熱浪已導(dǎo)致超過(guò) 2.15 萬(wàn)名居民死亡。顧問(wèn)們鼓勵(lì)市議會(huì)議員拒絕這一提案。

哈得孫河護(hù)水者（美國(guó)紐約州）呼吁紐約市和州官員采取切實(shí)行動(dòng)，阻止 20 億加侖未經(jīng)處理的污水和受污染的暴雨徑流排入哈萊姆河。紐約州環(huán)境保護(hù)部起草了一項(xiàng)提案，旨在更新和改善水質(zhì)評(píng)級(jí)，以提升紐約市的水質(zhì)。然而，護(hù)水者認(rèn)為，這一擬議措施會(huì)讓哈萊姆河的污染無(wú)限期地持續(xù)下去。盡管每年有超過(guò) 210 億加侖的未經(jīng)處理的污水和受污染的徑流流入該河，但紐約的水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)目前仍將保持不變。針對(duì)這一問(wèn)題，護(hù)水者撰寫了一封題為 “不要放棄哈萊姆河” 的信件，倡導(dǎo)加強(qiáng)保護(hù)措施。

陽(yáng)光海岸護(hù)水者（美國(guó)加利福尼亞州）對(duì)海洋時(shí)代公司計(jì)劃在墨西哥灣建立一個(gè)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖設(shè)施表示擔(dān)憂。該公司總部位于夏威夷的凱盧阿 - 科納，目標(biāo)是成為首個(gè)在該地區(qū)開(kāi)展水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)務(wù)的公司，具體計(jì)劃是在薩拉索塔以西約 40 英里處建造一個(gè)養(yǎng)魚(yú)圍欄。這個(gè)設(shè)施的一個(gè)主要組成部分是一個(gè)可容納 4000 條魚(yú)的養(yǎng)殖網(wǎng)箱。海洋時(shí)代公司使用大豆?jié)饪s蛋白來(lái)減輕對(duì)環(huán)境的影響，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)在野外捕獲的魚(yú)通常會(huì)成為其他魚(yú)類的食物。然而，環(huán)保人士認(rèn)為，水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖對(duì)墨西哥灣構(gòu)成嚴(yán)重風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，包括可能出現(xiàn)的 “魚(yú)群逃逸” 情況，逃逸的魚(yú)可能會(huì)傳播疾病。陽(yáng)光海岸護(hù)水者和塞拉俱樂(lè)部已對(duì)該公司采取法律行動(dòng)，導(dǎo)致一名法官阻止了其在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)的許可。現(xiàn)在，該公司必須申請(qǐng)個(gè)別許可，且每個(gè)許可都需要進(jìn)行全面的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢查。如果成功，該公司打算大幅擴(kuò)大其在墨西哥灣的業(yè)務(wù)，這可能會(huì)進(jìn)一步提高其知名度。

上波托馬克河護(hù)水者（美國(guó)馬里蘭州）從馬里蘭州環(huán)境部（MDE）獲取的檢測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，在馬里蘭州 22 個(gè)有通往弗吉尼亞州農(nóng)田途徑的廢水處理廠中，除了一個(gè)之外，其余的生物固體中都存在全氟和多氟烷基物質(zhì)（PFAS）。每年，數(shù)十萬(wàn)噸生物固體被用作弗吉尼亞州農(nóng)場(chǎng)的肥料。今年早些時(shí)候，美國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)署發(fā)布了一份風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估草案，警告稱含有低至十億分之一的某些全氟和多氟烷基物質(zhì)化合物的污水污泥可能會(huì)對(duì)食用附近農(nóng)作物、牲畜或井水的人們構(gòu)成健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。馬里蘭州是少數(shù)幾個(gè)采取措施監(jiān)管生物固體中全氟和多氟烷基物質(zhì)的州之一。2023 年，馬里蘭州環(huán)境部暫停了在檢測(cè)到全氟和多氟烷基物質(zhì)的土地上進(jìn)行土地施用的新許可。值得注意的是，在對(duì)其生物固體進(jìn)行檢測(cè)的馬里蘭州廢水處理廠中，除了一個(gè)之外，其他廠報(bào)告的全氟和多氟烷基物質(zhì)含量都很低。

MAY 12, 2025

NEWS FROM THE MOVEMENT

Humboldt Waterkeeper (California, U.S.) has begun sampling stormwater runoff around Humboldt Bay to identify pollution hot spots. They are specifically looking for the presence of 6PPD, an anti-degradation chemical added to tires and other rubber products to prevent wear and weathering. When it breaks down, it forms 6PPD-quinone, a compound that is highly toxic to aquatic life. In June 2024, U.S. EPA released non-binding screening levels for 6PPD-q. States and tribes can use these levels in their water quality protection programs to safeguard fish species that are greatly affected by these chemicals. In addition, the California Department of Toxic Substances Control is also working on developing alternatives to 6PPD. In a related effort, California Coastkeeper Alliance (California, U.S.) has called on the State Water Resources Board to implement preventative measures to stop 6PPD from running off roads and into streams.

Los Angeles Waterkeeper (California, U.S.) and a dozen advocacy groups wrote an op-ed to the City Council's Budget and Finance Committee regarding Mayor Karen Bass's proposal to eliminate the Climate Emergency Mobilization Office (CEMO). To address the city's $1 billion budget shortfall, Bass suggests the sacrifice of CEMO and a downsizing of the Office of Petroleum and Natural Gas, saving the city approximately $950,000. The Los Angeles Times has characterized this plan as extremely short-sighted, warning that it could lead to forfeiting a $750,000 state grant. Many believe that Bass is underestimating the dangers of extreme heat, even though data shows that heat waves caused the deaths of more than 21,500 residents over the past quarter-century. Advisors are encouraging City Council members to reject this proposal.

Hudson Riverkeeper (New York, U.S.) is calling on New York City and state officials to take meaningful action to stop discharges of two billion gallons of untreated sewage and polluted stormwater into the Harlem River. The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation has drafted a proposal to update and improve water quality ratings to enhance water quality in New York City. However, Riverkeeper believes that this proposed measure would allow the pollution in the Harlem River to continue indefinitely. Despite more than 21 billion gallons of raw sewage and contaminated runoff entering the river each year, New York’s water quality standards will remain unchanged for now. In response to this issue, Riverkeeper has created a letter titled “Don’t Give Up on the Harlem River” to advocate for better protections.

Suncoast Waterkeeper (California, U.S.) is concerned about Ocean Era's plan to establish an aquaculture facility in the Gulf of Mexico. Based in Kailua-Kona, Hawaii, the company aims to be the first to build an aquaculture operation in the region, specifically building a fish pen located approximately 40 miles west of Sarasota. A major component of this facility would be an aquapod designed to hold 4,000 fish. Ocean Era uses a soy protein concentrate to lessen the environmental impact, as most fish caught in the wild typically end up as food for other fish. However, environmentalists argue that aquaculture poses serious risks to the Gulf, including the potential for "fish spills," where escaped fish could spread disease. Suncoast Waterkeeper and the Sierra Club have taken legal action against the company, resulting in a judge blocking its nationwide permit. Instead, it must now apply for individual permits, each requiring a thorough site inspection. If successful, the company intends to significantly expand its operations in the Gulf, potentially raising its profile even further.

Upper Potomac Riverkeeper (Maryland, U.S.) has obtained testing data from the Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE) that revealed the presence of PFAS in biosolids at all but one of the twenty-two Maryland wastewater treatment plants that have access to Virginia farmland. Each year, hundreds of thousands of tons of biosolids are applied as fertilizer on farms in Virginia. Earlier this year, U.S. EPA released a draft risk assessment warning that sewage sludge containing as little as one part per billion of certain PFAS compounds could pose health risks to people consuming nearby crops, livestock, or well water. Maryland is among the few states taking steps to regulate PFAS in biosolids. In 2023, MDE issued a moratorium on new permits for land application where PFAS have been detected. Notably, all but one Maryland wastewater treatment plant that tested their biosolids reported low PFAS levels.

本文來(lái)自Waterkeeper Alliance，不代表綠色浙江立場(chǎng)

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編輯：陳林孝

初審：姚沁田

二審：朱紫伊

終審：董　舒